World War 2,at 1938,was inevitable.It followed a year later but the tensions were already started building up.

Under the Versailles Settlement, Czechoslovakia was created, including the Sudetenland, which had a large German population.Hitler,on its first course of territorial aggression formed a plan to annex Czechoslovakia on the pretext of occupying Sudetenland as it was a ethinic German State according to Hitler.Already merging Austria with Germany after a march in Vienna on March 14,1938,Hitler can be said to be flushing with confidence. Konrad Henlein of the Sudeten Heimfront (Home Front),held secret meetings with Hitler and in private Hitler himself agreed to annex Czechoslovakia.Now Sudetenland was a important territory for Czechoslovakia as it had most of the important industries and a good western defense border.Losing Sudetenland meant loosing Czechoslovakia.Now here is an important diplomatic war or appeasement if you name,Britain,although economocially strong,didn’t have a very strong army of size of millions which Germany later developed,but,combining power of Britain and France were large in size in 1938 to crush Germany.Infact,this fear was developed by some German diplomats,when Britain warned Germany following the May Crisis (false alarm that Germany was going to invade Czechoslovakia on 19th May 1938) that they will go War with Germany if France intervened.However Britain authorities wanted a peaceful way out and hence the policy of appeasement was conducted.Following Hitler demands,At the conference of 28 May 1938,that it was his “unalterable” decision to “smash Czechoslovakia” by 1 October of the same year and also as a result of intense French, and especially British diplomatic pressure, President Edvard Beneš unveiled on 5 September 1938, the “Fourth Plan” for constitutional reorganization of his country, which granted most of the demands for Sudeten autonomy made by Henlein in his Karlsbad speech of April 1938, and threatened to deprive the Germans of their pretext for aggression.However violent clashes in Sudentenland occurred following which British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain conceived of a plan to fly to Germany and meet Hitler, and then work out an agreement that could end the crisis.Talks do followed in September 1938(particulary In a summit at Berchtesgaden),but they were made difficult due to different viewpoints,with Hitler aiming to use the Sudeten issue as a pretext for war and Chamberlain genuinely striving for a peaceful solution.

When Chamberlain returned to Germany on 22 September to present his peace plan for the transfer of the Sudetenland at a summit with Hitler at Bad Godesberg, the British delegation was most unpleasantly surprised to have Hitler reject his own terms he had presented at Berchtesgaden as now unacceptable.Hitler than,to put an end to Chamberlain’s peace-making efforts once and for all, Hitler demanded the Sudetenland be ceded to Germany no later then 28 September 1938 with no negotiations between Prague and Berlin and no international commission to oversee the transfer; no plebiscites to held in the transferred districts until after the transfer; and for good measure, that Germany would not forsake war as an option until all the claims against Czechoslovakia by Poland and Hungary had been satisfied.A Bad Godesberg ultimatum was proposed to Britain for allowance of German annexation,however Britain rejected it (25th September 1938).Hence a great political tension occurred,as Britain again clearly warned Hitler that if France attacks (as French were honour bound to Czechoslovakia with the Franco-Czechoslovak alliance of 1924),they will also declare war on Germany.(following the rejection of Bad Godesberg ultimatum Britain started preparing for War with increased Civil defence and mobilization of British Fleet).Sensing this,the attack on Czechoslovakia,which was initially planned on 1st October 1938 was called off and Hitler changing his mind, and through the suggestion, of and through the intercession of Mussolini,asked for a conference to be held in Munich with Chamberlain, Mussolini, and the French Premier Édouard Daladier to discuss the Czechoslovak situation,which later came to be known as Munich Conference.There,on 30th September 1:30 am ,they agreed that Germany would complete its occupation of the Sudetenland by 10th October, but an international commission would consider other disputed areas. Czechoslovakia was told that if it did not submit, it would stand alone.

The Czechoslovak government, realizing the hopelessness of fighting Germany alone, reluctantly capitulated (30 September) and agreed to abide by the agreement. The settlement gave Germany the Sudetenland starting 10 October, and de facto control over the rest of Czechoslovakia as long as Hitler promised to go no further. On September 30th after some rest, Chamberlain went to Hitler and asked him to sign a peace treaty between the United Kingdom and Germany. After Hitler’s interpreter translated it for him, he happily agreed. On 30 September, upon his return to Britain, Chamberlain delivered his famous “peace for our time” speech to delighted crowds in London.Hence Czechoslovakia ceased to exist (by March 1939 all its territories were divided among Germany,Poland,Hungary and an independent Slovakia).

The reactions to Munich Agreement were quick and decisive.Hitler was declared TIME’s magazine man of the year of 1938.Some historians arugue it was a easy way out of the French government of their alliance with Czechslovakia,as French were underprepared both military and economically for a war with Germany.Daladier having himself witnessed the trauma of First World War,hence persuaded Britain to adopt diplomatic means to “peacefully” settle the Czechoslovakian issue.Had French be any prepared for the war,or had Neville didn’t follow his peaceful means,German would have sure gone.It is evident by the fact that Hitler changed his mind at the last minute for the invasion of Czechoslovakia fearing that Germany was at that time not prepared for War with both Britain and France.Infact Daladier himself believed that War was inevitable,in late april 1938 meeting he told british that Hitler’s real aim was to eventually secure “a domination of the Continent in comparison with which the ambitions of Napoleon were feeble.”Neville Chamberlain was happy to avoid war and was acclaimed heroically in Britain.Hitler,on the other hand,was furious.He felt as though he had been forced into “acting like a bourgeois politician by his diplomats and generals”,a rising indication for his mistakes of not listening to his Generals and Diplomats in the War that followed.His actions against Britain had followed the exact opposite of what he proposed in Zwites Buch of 1928,ready to go against Britain any moment.A British diplomat in Berlin was informed by reliable sources that Hitler viewed Chamberlain as “an impertinent busybody who spoke the ridiculous jargon of an outmoded democracy. The umbrella, which to the ordinary German was a symbol of peace, was in Hitler’s view only a subject of derision”.Also, Hitler had been heard saying: “If ever that silly old man comes interfering here again with his umbrella, I’ll kick him downstairs and jump on his stomach in front of the photographers”.Though Hitler professed happiness in public over the achievement of his ostensible demands, in private he was determined to have a war the next time around by ensuring that Germany’s future demands would not be met,hence leading to World War 2.Joseph Stalin,the new Soviet leader of the reformed USSR,was upset too.

The Soviets had not been represented at the conference and felt they should be acknowledged as a major power. The British and French, however, mostly used the Soviets as a threat to dangle over the Germans. Stalin concluded that the West had actively colluded with Hitler to hand over an Eastern European country to the Nazis, causing concern that they might do the same to the Soviet Union in the future, allowing the partition of the USSR between the western powers and the fascist Axis. This belief led the Soviet Union to reorient its foreign policy towards a rapprochement with Germany, which eventually led to the signing of theMolotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 1939.

In strict Anti Britain measures,Poland was the most important country to have,either as a satellite state or by means of annexation.Firstly,it was the first step towards the necessary “space” to the east,Hitler’s main ambitions.Secondly,Poland was important on economic consideration as it had vast food resources and could be used effectively if Britain employs Naval blockade.

Initially, the German hope was transform Poland into a satellite state, but by March 1939 when the German demands had been rejected by the Poles three times,Hitler upon the destruction of Poland as the main German foreign policy goal of 1939.On April 3, 1939 Hitler ordered the military to start preparing for Fall Weiss (Case White), the plan for a German invasion to be executed on 25 August 1939.For the people who agreed to Germany’s aggression,it was due to the fact that Anti Polish feelings ran high among the people of Germany and they were ready for annexing Poland even if they had to pay the heavy price of war with France and Britain.Hitler ofcourse was much offended when Britain guaranteed independence of Poland on 31st March 2009,hence in a speech before the Reichstag on April 28, 1939, Adolf Hitler, complaining of British “encirclement” of Germany, renounced both the Anglo-German Naval Agreement and the German–Polish Non-Aggression Pact.As a pretext for aggression against Poland, Hitler claimed the Free City of Danzig and the right for “extra-territorial” roads across the Polish Corridor which Germany had unwillingly ceded under the Versailles treaty. For Hitler, Danzig was just a pretext for aggression as the Sudetenland had been intended to be in 1938, and throughout 1939, while highlighting the Danzig issue as a grievance, the Germans always refused to engage in talks about the matter.

Now Hitler had a dilemma to solve.His long term anti-britain course,which included the vastly expanded Kriegsmarine (Z Plan) and Luftwaffe would take several more years to complete,and his short term foreign policy of 1939 to occupy Poland would most probably trigger a European War with Britain and France.

Hitler’s dilemma between his short-term and long-term goals was resolved by Foreign Minister Ribbentrop who told Hitler that neither Britain nor France would honor their commitments to Poland, and any German-Polish war would accordingly be a limited regional war.Ribbentrop based his appraisal partly on an alleged statement made to him by the French Foreign Minister Georges Bonnet in December 1938 that France now recognized Eastern Europe as Germany’s exclusive sphere of influence.In addition, Ribbentrop’s status as the former Ambassador to London made him in Hitler’s eyes the leading Nazi British expert, and as a result, Ribbentrop’s advice that Britain would not honor her commitments to Poland carried much weight with Hitler.In addition, the German Ambassador in London, Herbert von Dirksen tended to send reports that supported Ribbentrop’s analysis such as a dispatch in August 1939 that reported Neville Chamberlain knew “the social structure of Britain, even the conception of the British Empire, would not survive the chaos of even a victorious war”, and so would back down.The extent that Hitler was influenced by Ribbentrop’s advice can be seen in Hitler’s orders to the German military on 21 August 1939 for a limited mobilization against Poland alone.

The problems caused by the need to begin a campaign in Poland in late August or early September in order to have the campaign finished before the October rains arrived, and the need to have sufficient time to concentrate German troops on the Polish border left Hitler in a self-imposed situation in August 1939 where Soviet co-operation was absolutely crucial if he were to have a war that year (which was easy thanks to Munich Agreement and the isolation of Soviet Union).

German war planners had estimated massive raw materials shortfalls if Germany entered a war without Soviet supply.Hence On 23 August 1939, Joseph Stalin accepted Hitler’s proposal to conclude a non-aggression pact (the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact), whose secret protocols contained an agreement to partition Poland.(At the signing, Ribbentrop and Stalin enjoyed warm conversations, exchanged toasts and further addressed the prior hostilities between the countries in the 1930s.They characterized Britain as always attempting to disrupt Soviet-German relations, stated that the Anti-Comintern pact was not aimed at the Soviet Union, but actually aimed at Western democracies and “frightened principally the City of London [i.e., the British financiers] and the English shopkeepers.” ). In the last days of peace, Hitler oscillated between the determination to fight the Western powers if he had to, and various schemes intended to keep Britain out of the war, but in any case, Hitler was not to be deterred from his aim of invading Poland.But it was of no avail and the Hitler declared War on Poland on 1st September 1939.

Britain and France declared war on Germany on 3 September but did not immediately act. Hitler was most unpleasantly surprised at receiving the British declaration of war on 3 September 1939, and turning to Ribbentrop angrily asked “Now what?” Not long after this, on 17 September, Soviet forces invaded eastern Poland.Now a big question asked is,despite the fact the massive rearmament would still take some years to complete,why did Hitler rushed into the War.Some historians (Timothy Mason) suggest that Hitler had acute economic crisis (e.g 80 percent of oil came from New World) and hence rapid annexation would mean shortening of economic woes posed.Some other historians (William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg and Ian Kershaw) suggest that Hitler was becoming old (50 years in 1939) and hence wanted to rush and finish his objectives,fearing he has not much time left for his works (Hitler had an obsessive fear of an early death).After the European War was declared,what followed was Phoney Wars,perhaps the biggest mistake of the Allies side to not to directly engage Germany.The period of seven months from 1st September 1939 to the French Invasion on May 1940 was marked by a lack of major military operations in Continental Europe. The great powers of Europe had declared war on one another, yet neither side had committed to launching a significant attack, and there was relatively little fighting on the ground, notwithstanding terms of Anglo-Polish military alliance and Franco-Polish Military Alliance, which obliged the United Kingdom and France to take military action, in the case of the United Kingdom, in 15 days time.

While most of the German army was engaged in Poland, a much smaller German force manned the Siegfried Line, their fortified defensive line along the French border. At the Maginot Line on the other side of the border, British and French troops stood facing them, but there were only some local, minor skirmishes.Had the than strong French and British forces attacked,the minority of the German forces at the western Europe would have been crushed.One strong evidence,denoting the fact of German defence at the Western border line at 1939 is evident by the comment of Alfred Jofl at the Nuremberg Trials who said that “if we did not collapse already in the year 1939 that was due only to the fact that during the Polish campaign, the approximately 110 French and British divisions in the West were held completely inactive against the 23 German divisions.“Intial French forces advanced in the Saar offensive but were stopped 1km short of the Siegfried Line.However,one notable event in Phoney War was the Soviet Union’s offense against Finland on 30th November 1939 which was termed as Winter War.Britain and French forces immediately supported the democratic Finland leading to the expulsion of Soviet Union from league of Nations and formation of forces and aid to be supplied to Finland from Norway.However the forces were not dispatched until the winter war ended (instead being dispatched to the Norwegian campaign).The Norwegian campaign on the other hand was the first land confrontation of the Allies with the German forces.The conflict,which occurred from 9th april to 10th June 1940 led to occupation of Norway by NAZI Germany.

The primary reason for Nazi Germany seeking the occupation of Norway was Nazi Germany’s dependence on Swedish iron ore shipped from the Norwegian port of Narvik. By securing access to Norwegian ports, Nazi Germany could obtain the iron ore supply it needed for war production despite the British naval blockade of Nazi Germany.Using the pretext of Altmark Incident (sinking of German Vessel by Norway),Germans were convinced that the strategically important Norway would not be neutral and hence the landing on the port of Narvik was issued.Fighting do followed and Allies even managed to recapture the port of Narvik but it was too late as the French Invasion had already begun.Operation Alphabet which announced the withdrawl of the Allies forces from Norway (issued on 24th May),further seized Norway’s fate as Norway was eventually occupied by German forces.However two notable changes occurred in the Allies side,one which would have likely changed the course of the War.

The debacle of the Allied campaign in Norway, which actually was an offspring of the never-realised plans to aid Finland, forced a famous debate in the House of Commons during which the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain was under constant attack A nominal vote of confidence in his government was won by 281 to 200,and hence On 10 May Chamberlain resigned the premiership whilst retaining the leadership of the Conservative Party. The King, George VI, appointed Winston Churchill, who had been a consistent opponent of Chamberlain’s policy of appeasement, as his successor and Churchill formed a new coalition government that included members of the Conservative Party, the Labour Party and the Liberal Party as well as several ministers from a non-political background. Churchill,as later showed in the course of the War,was a man of steel who never advocated peace with Germany even with crisis of occupation of Britain following French defeat.Also On 20 March, after the Winter War had ended, Édouard Daladier resigned as Prime Minister in France, due to his failure to aid Finland’s defence.Germany,by the end of winter war and the Phoney War,had built a strong military force in the western frontier and would soon,by invasion of France,would lead to a new term in modern warfare,a warfare where tanks are no longer used to support infantry but rather used as own independent means,where traditional methods of annihilation warfare were replaced by columns of mechanized forces moving swiftly through the enemy flanks catching them by surprise,BLITZKRIEG was born!

"At the risk of appearing to talk nonsense I tell you that the Nazi movement will go on for 1,000 years!… Don't forget how people laughed at me 15 years ago when I declared that one day I would govern Germany. They laugh now, just as foolishly, when I declare that I shall remain in power!"

Adolf Hitler to a British correspondent in Berlin, June 1934

Noman or woman influenced the 20th century as one man bold visions and ideas:- Adolf Hitler.His very actions or rather the situations which affected him changed the course of the way we look or live in the "new world".His ideas and policies,which ultimately resulted in the most brutal war of the twentieth century,World War 2,his makes which resulted in Allies victory which shaped the World,the cold war which followed as aftermath and not to forget the widescale genocide of the jews happening in his Third Reich (which was supposed to live for a thousand years),everything happened because of Hitler.This blog tries to summarise his steps and measures taken which costed him the war,and also tries to imagine the world which Hitler never created.

A Brief Intro

The Great Depression left its mark to the entire world but nowhere was the impact so deep as the already suffereing Germany.The German state at 1930 was extremly disturbing.National shame, embarrassment, anger and resentment which resulted from the Treaty of Versailles still runned deep into the proud Germans.Civil unrest,the rising threat of Commnuism (as reflected by the growth of the KPD) and growing dissent against the new democratic government which was sure to dall down further intensified the people opinions to seek out extreme lefts and rights,one among them being the NAZI Party.

Through bold speeches and promises like national and cultural renewal based on volkisch traditionalism,military rearmament, repudiation of reparations and reclamation of forfeited territory in opposition to the Treaty of Versailles.(the party claimed that through Versailles and the liberal democracy of the Weimar Republic, Germany's national pride had, by the inspiration and conniving of the Jews, been deviously surrendered by the wicked and traitorous "November criminals," whose goal was to subvert and poison the German blood.The Nazis also endorsed the Dolchstoßlegende,"Stab in the back legend", which figured prominently in their propaganda as it did in propaganda of most other nationalist-leaning parties in Germany).NAZI proclaimed themselves as their savior from the economic Depression, the Versailles treaty, communism, the "Judeo-Bolsheviks", and other "undesirable" minorities.The bold charisma of Hitler and his innovative measures like campaigning from a plane aided the NAZI party to quickly become the single largest party in Germany.It is evident by the fact that In the elections of 1928, when economic conditions had improved following the end of the hyperinflation of 1922-23, the Nazis gained a meager 12 seats. In 1930, months after the US stock market crash, they won an astonishing 107 seats, going from a splinter group that ranked ninth in the Reichstag to the second-largest parliamentary party. After the July elections of 1932, the Nazis were the largest party in the Reichstag, with 230 seats.On 30 January 1933 Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany by Hindenburg after attempts by General Kurt von Schleicher to form a viable government failed (the Machtergreifung). Von Schleicher was hoping he could control Hitler by becoming vice chancellor and also keeping the Nazis a minority in the cabinet.

But his plans were foiled.On the night of 27 February 1933 the Reichstag building was set on fire and Dutch council communist Marinus van der Lubbe was found inside the building. He was arrested and charged with starting the blaze. The event had an immediate effect on thousands of anarchists, socialists and communists throughout the Reich, many of whom were sent to the Dachau concentration camp. The unnerved public worried that the fire had been a signal meant to initiate the communist revolution, and the Nazis found the event to be of immeasurable value in getting rid of potential insurgents. The event was quickly followed by the Reichstag Fire Decree, rescinding habeas corpus and other civil liberties.The Enabling Act was passed in 23rd March 1933, with 444 votes, to the 94 of the remaining Social Democrats. The act gave the government (and thus effectively the Nazi Party) legislative powers and also authorized it to deviate from the provisions of the constitution for four years. In effect, Hitler had seized dictatorial powers.

After this what followed was a ruthless political elimination.In just four years Hitler established a totaliatrian government banning all political parties except the NAZI party.Using methods of power and deceit,aided by death of than President Paul von Hindenburg on 2 August 1934 he finally became the Head of the State (Führer und Reichskanzler) by mid 1934.Through his fierce speeches of visions of Greater Germany,which instilled confidence and garnered support from the german people and through methods of Gleichschaltung to establish a totalitarian control over the individual, and tight coordination over all aspects of society and commerce,Hitler systematically eliminated all of his opponents particularly Trade Unions and Communist Parties.Critics of Hitler were suppressed or silenced (It is estimated that tens of thousands of political victims died or disappeared in the first few years of Nazi rule).By 1938,Hitler and his Third Reich directly controlled all spehres of Germany.Army where Hitler,as head of state,now became supreme commander of the armed forces. When it came time for the soldiers and sailors to swear the traditional loyalty oath, it had been altered into an oath of personal loyalty to Hitler.Education where syllabus were refined to focus moreon racial biology, population policy, culture, geography and especially physical fitness.Society where racial discrimination were targetted on minorities (according to Hitler) like Jews,Romani (also known as Gypsies), Jehovah's Witnesses,people with mental or physical disabilities and homosexuals.Aryan race or people of Aryan decent were given preference.Economy,where massive rearmament and industrialization process led to the extremely rapid decline in unemployment--the most rapid decline in unemployment in any country during the Great Depression,boasted further by Four year Plan by Hossbach Memorandum (to convert the force of 100,000 to millions which was successful to create the might of the German Army) and the visionary likes of Albert Seer.To further curtail Civil liberties,Gestapo or police acting outside of any civil authority were formed.Such was the effect that by 1938,people were afraid to oppose NAZIS in the fear of being sentenced to death.The ordinary german citizens were happy with the recovering economy and the promises made by Hitler,obeying without questions and showing loyalty.But some others opposed only to meet their demises.(for further reference on How Hitler influenced German people read Milton Mayer’s book, "They Thought They Were Free".).In 1938, Hitler forced the resignation of his War Minister (formerly Defense Minister), Werner von Blomberg, after evidence surfaced that Blomberg's new wife had a criminal past.Hitler replaced the Ministry of War with the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (High Command of the Armed Forces, or OKW), headed by General Wilhelm Keitel. More importantly, Hitler announced he was assuming personal command of the armed forces. He took over Blomberg's other old post, that of Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces, for himself.Hence becoming the Supreme Ruler of Germany and eliminating the last person capable of overthrowing him.

Now before we go on his International relationships,politics of appeasement and the subsequent World War 2 that followed,it is important to understand what were the opinions and plans of Hitler.In a bold book written in prison named Mein Kampf and the unpublished Zweites Buch,Hitler puts down the stages of the emergence of Germany in the political scene.In the first stage, there would be a massive military build-up, the overthrow of the "shackles" of the Treaty of Versailles, and the forming of alliances with Fascist Italy and the British Empire. The second stage would be a series of fast, "lightning wars" in conjunction with Italy and Britain against France and whichever of her allies in Eastern Europe — such as Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania and Yugoslavia — chose to stand by her. The third stage would be a war to obliterate what Hitler considered to be the "Judeo-Bolshevik" regime in the Soviet Union.In contrast to Mein Kampf, in Zweites Buch Hitler added a fourth stage to the Stufenplan. He announced that, around 1980, the final struggle for world domination would take place between the United States and the now Greater Germany allied with the British Empire.Of all Germany's potential enemies, Hitler ranked the United States as the greatest and most dangerous. By contrast, Hitler saw the United Kingdom as a fellow "Aryan" power that in exchange for Germany's renunciation of naval and colonial ambitions would ally itself with Germany. France in Hitler's opinion, was rapidly "Negroizing" itself. In regard to the Soviet Union, Hitler dismissed the Russian people as being Slavic Untermenschen ("sub-humans") incapable of intelligent thought. Hitler consequently believed that the Russian people were ruled over by what he regarded as a gang of bloodthirsty but inept Jewish revolutionaries. By contrast, the majority of Americans were in Hitler's view "Aryans", albeit Aryans ruled by what Hitler saw as a Jewish plutocracy.In Hitler's point of view, it was this combination of "Aryan" might coupled with competent "Jewish rule" which was what made the U.S. so dangerous.

These are but just glimpses of Hitler's opinions which ultimately led to his defeat and shaping of the new world.Hitler was anti semtic and believed in a nationalist and anti marxist and anti capitalist idea of society.A a "non-Jewish" version of socialism and mutual solidarity of all members of society were his visions.His ideas were extremly racist and he viewed the German people divided by two fronts:- Aryan and "Non Aryan Minorities" with focus on developing and enriching the Aryan race.His bold vision was to create Germania,a Europe from Urals to France where his perfect breed of Aryans would have the neccessary Lebensraum or Living Space,particulary in the East where he wanted to destroy the Communist forever.Hence neccessary steps to purge the Europe of the weak and create Aryan race were taken right from the beginning.The results were the Genocide and the Holocaust,resulting in the death of 6 million Jews.Nazi policies toward women strongly encouraged them to stay at home to bear children and keep house. In a September 1934 speech to the National Socialist Women's Organization, Adolf Hitler argued that for the German woman her "world is her husband, her family, her children, and her home." This policy was reinforced by bestowing the Cross of Honor of the German Mother on women bearing four or more babies.The Nazis also undertook programs targeting "weak" or "unfit" people, such as the T-4 Euthanasia Program, killing tens of thousands of disabled and sick Germans in an effort to "maintain the purity of the German Master race".Under a law passed in 1933, the Nazi regime carried out the compulsory sterilization of over 400,000 individuals labeled as having hereditary defects, ranging from mental illness to alcoholism.Another component of the Nazi programme of creating racial purity was the Lebensborn, or "Fountain of Life" programme founded in 1936. The programme was aimed at encouraging German soldiers — mainly SS — to reproduce. This included offering SS families support services (including the adoption of racially pure children into suitable SS families) and accommodating racially-valuable women, pregnant with mainly SS men's children, in care homes in Germany and throughout Occupied Europe. Lebensborn also expanded to encompass the placing of racially pure children forcibly seized from occupied countries — such as Poland — with German families.Programmes such as "Hitler Youth" further ensured "Men to work and Women to bear children" policies.Hitler believed in Darwinism Natural selection,Strong Dominating Weak.He thought we are messing with our evolution by caring for the weak and he believed that the society would acheive the higher level if its cleaned of Weaks.During the war, Hitler remarked that peace could only be achieved by a return to the natural order where the strong dominate the weak: an order that was corrupted by the Jews.In other instances, Hitler justifies the destruction of entire cities because, in his view, it was necessary to "revert to antique principles."Hitler also looked to both Genghis Khan and Sparta to support his ideas of natural selection with the necessary historical backing. Thus, at a Nazi party convention in 1929 Hitler argued against the "Jewish train of thought:"

“The worst danger is that we are interrupting the natural selection process ourselves (by caring for the sick and the weak). ... The most far-sighted racial state in history, Sparta, systematically implemented these racial laws.”

This had some postive effects though,like the Nazi Anti Tobacco movement,which was arguably the most powerful anti tobacco movement in the world.Also the conecpt of Dauerwald (best translated as the "perpetual forest") which included concepts such as forest management and protection was promoted and efforts were also made to curb air-pollution were incoporated in the NAZI regime. In 1933 the regime enacted a stringent animal-protection law.Several Nazis were environmentalists, and species protection and animal welfare were significant issues in the regime.

Overall what can be concluded of Hitler is that he sought to create Germania,or greater Europe,a superpower like USA.He wanted to purge the society of weaks,inferiors,minorities,Homosexuals,Jews and the Communists and create a master race of ethic germans and Aryans with their neccessary Lebensraum or living space in the East.He sought to create alliance with the British Empire and had due respect for it (although By the latter half of 1937, Hitler had abandoned his dream of an Anglo-German alliance, blaming "inadequate" British leadership for turning down his offers of an alliance).His primary attention although was always focussed on the east,the USSR,and his ultimate ambition was to get rid of the world of Communism and the Jews.

Note:- One clear cut intention which Hitler discussed,apparently for the first time was recorded on Hossbach Memorandum.It was summary of a meeting on November 5, 1937 between German dictator Adolf Hitler and his military and foreign policy leadership. The meeting marked a turning point in Hitler's foreign policies, which then began to radicalise. It outlined Hitler's plans for expansion in Europe. According to the Memorandum, Hitler did not want war in 1939 with Britain and France. What he wanted was small wars of plunder to help support Germany's struggling economy (although the Nazis never let on about their financial problems). Hitler wanted a full-scale European war with Britain and France between 1941-1944/5.He also ordered the attendees to make plans for war in the east no later than 1943 in order to acquire Lebensraum.The memorandum was where Hitler's future expansionist policies were outlined. Hitler stated the conference minutes were to be regarded as his "political testament" in the event of his death.The most important point of this memorandum was the increased hostility of Britain.Hitler regarded them as "hate-inspired antagonist".

PS:For Most of the Statistics i have referred to wikipedia.org.

Game Review : Texas Holdem Poker 3D

Poker,thanks mainly to the television and net revolution has quickly risen among the most famous table games in American Culture.Its impact has reached far and wide going as far as east to Japan.The World Series of Poker has further increased this gambling sports grandeour and publicity and made it come from home and bar brawls to be treated as professional sports.While Poker has many variations,the most famous of them is Texas Holdem,easy to learn and difficult to master.Many computer games and simulations are available for Texas Holdem Poker and so I review one of them called Texas Holdem Poker 3D Deluxe Edition.It’s Showdown Time!

The game begins with a nice background music (all electronic) and a background image of a casino room with poker tables and slots.The Menu is simple and without any clutter.

Moving on to the game,the actual presentation of the game is enticing.It resembles an actual Poker table,albeit without players being visible.The voices,the chip exchange,the card flow,everything is fluidly presented and you will definitely love the 3D of poker.Actually looking at the graphic details wont much matter because of the actual nature of the game,but still the level of detail went in to Poker chips (you can see clearly the numbers) to the Cards to the Poker table is very good.The Cards too have the 3D effect as you can see the bent in them.Well nothing beats the actual Poker table,but this one comes close to actually simulating the real poker environment but without players being visible.A 3D model of the players would have been welcomed but still this one is better than most of the other 2D over the top view of Poker and a treat to eye while playing.

On features,this game is rich.It offeres both Tournament and Single Player gameplay with pleothra of options to suit the needs.Single player you can choose number of players (8 maximum),AI difficulty,Starting Money,Blinds,Limits,Poker currency,Game Speed and many more to suit your style of play.The Tournament can be played with a maximum of whopping 160 players,enough practice for WSOP I guess.You can also change the graphics,from back of Cards to Poker tables etc.The information on cards and betting rounds like who has done who is displayed well with floating bards above the cards,so playing the game at high speed is not a problem.After showdown you can move your mouse pointer over the floating bars to actually see the nice animation on how do they won it with the cards floating on the table to show the best 5 card formed.Overall this game is very easy to use and get comfortable with no learning curves.Now for many first timers who don’t understand the rules of poker,the tutorial in Extras section is more than enough to make you comfortable with all the basic rules to play the game.The animated way of teaching is perfect for new comers of Poker who are scared with those large scale tactical and strategy books available in the market.So unless you are really dumb in understanding English,the tutorial section will teach you the basic rules of Poker allrightly.There is also Help section which is basically text down version of the animated version,but with a Search Bar which again serves those inquisitive minds who want to understand what terms like Ante or Small Blind is.No advanced Poker strategies or tactics are discussed here though,which I think is allright since the market is basically flooded with the poker advanced and since the entire help and tutorial section is targeted to new comers anyways.The game also incorporates Save system so no worries if you cant handle the long hours of the tournament,just save and return back whenever you want to!A high score table is also maintained which is perfect to boast around with friends or check the net play.

The actual gameplay of the poker is smooth.You have all the basic three buttons and the plus or minus button to raise or minimise the amount in the pot.There is no uncomfort in actually playing the game,although the first card of flop is slightly blocked due to chip stack.But overall the gameplay is smooth and simple and nothing groundbreaking in the traditional virtual poker way of playing.Yea the definitive switch from 2D to 3D is noticable with cards bent over like in real life poker,but the switch is easy and delighting for the online 2D poker veterans.The internet play is also very good,with the room system to join and create rooms.Although in the official server not much players were online (just roughly 300 last time i played) but it's more than enough to garner those moments of net play.Since actual money is not involved,the online play is great way to show or further improve and practice your skills of poker with neccessary risks.However a high bandwidth is required to play the game at true 3D effects as the game sometimes hanged while online.

The Sound of the game actually suits the mood of Poker.It has six tracks ranging from brass to Voices but all electro and techno,but still perfectly fitting the ambience.Sure you can turn off the volume and play your favourite song,but as far as getting on with long hours of Poker is concerned,nothing beats the music of this game.The other sounds like of Chip exchange are decent.The ingame voices of the players are good but they all repeat the same with “Oh Well” “Crap” “Ingenious” etc.They have variety but after long you will be bored.Also the voice of males are not much different,with only two or three variation.But than such large scale variations are hardly much needed in this game of just 120 mb whose main job is to serve Poker which it so rightfully does.

I have saved the best for the last,many Poker games and simulations out on the marker lack one thing:- THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.Most of the poker games,call or bet something,everyone folds.It’s as if the programming is so horribly wrong with them.Come Poker 3D,it rocks.The AI simply ROCKS!I am taking a courage to say this game comes really close to the ACTUAL POKER played in the casinos and with professional difficulty that line better be removed.You will be hard pressed to find faults with this game AI or Poker Engine I guess.

Each player has a unique personality and Poker strategy.And they implement it fully.Someone is bluffing,someone is check raising,someone going aggressive,someone defensive folding every hand till he gets a good one.And why I marvel so much at the AI is that they actually CHANGE their style of play based on the game and somewhat I think your style of play.That means they adapt to your style and likewise try their best to eliminate or get the most chips out of you.For example I was playing very defensive and only calling to very good hands.A certain player or Poker AI I would call was also playing on a defensive note in the starting.Only three players were left and the game was going on.After 6 hands I guess in which I folded the last four,that player suddenly went All In BEFORE THE FLOP.Now how lucky of me that I had pair of Aces and I wanted a bit of action anyways,I called and boy what he had cards!A 2 and 9 offsuit!The flop,turn and river favoured none,so actually it was a naked bluff!Rarely I have seen some Poker AI do that.Generally Poker AI in many of the simulation just fold whenever large scale bets are made making the actual game laughable.But here winning is tough!The difficulty ,with professional being the toughest,is perfect to challenge any poker veteran.Although the rookie difficulty I think is bit too easy considering luck favours you much in that.But normal is perfect and professional is for Pros!Although sometimes slight hiccups too happen in the deal as in one moment everyone has a King High Straight in the flop,turn,river (no kidding see the screenshot).

Concluding the game,it simply rocks.The graphics and level of detail is good,the sound mixes the mood of the game,the presentation perfect and the actual game is terribly easy to use and getting hang to it.It makes you feel right at the Casino tables of Las Vegas.The new comers wont be petrified as the game has very good tutorial and help section targeted specially for them.The Handy Save system makes you coming back to this game more and more just to finish that tournament.Also never forget the near perfect Poker AI on which the game banks high and scores further high.Sure the graphics could have been better,3D models of player would have been welcome addition,the in game voice and music could have offered some more variety.A random bug which I think has plagued me,sometimes freezes the game in the menu screen.But when you look at this game overall,it sure definitely is way far ahead than many of its Poker software counterparts and simulations and definitely a must buy to practice poker and develop your poker skills before you bet your money on the line!

Score:- 9 out of 10.

8.5 to presentation,9.5 to features,9 to sound and 10 to gameplay and ease of use.

Learning Curve: Very Easy

The coaching and the Engineering : DAMAGES

Let us explore a bit more about the Engineering exams.As i explained before,right after class 12th students are required to give competition exams to be selected into various engineering colleges.Every student tries to vouche for government colleges,(which still dazzles me),and for their aid comes the coaching institutes which "guide" the students for these exams.Now to be eligible for engineering,a student must have Science and Maths in their class 12th subjects,which are to be choosen right after class 10th.Take it this way,till 10th there are generalised studies,comprising everything from social sciences to Science,and after 10th a student has to take a compulsory language (English generally),followed by two compulsory subjects and two optional subjects.For engineering naturally students choose Science (Physics and Chemistry) followed by Maths and some other optional which they neglect completly.So focus is always on in Physics,Chemistry and Maths from the very beginning.(neglecting the two subjects,heck in my school optional subject of mine:- Physical Education was never taught!).This is the first damage.Many or rather most of the students dont take Sciences as their first choice after class 10th.Many of them are unaware of their interests and dont even attempt to try to find out their interests.Even if they do,they are forced to take sciences and to pursue engineering,as i explianed due to the hype.As a result their latent talent are destroyed or diminshed.This happened to me.I had lots of interest in Economics and Business studies,but i was forced to take science to pursue engineering despite the fact i had no interest in science and Engineering.Now people might assume i am cussing because of my sobby story,but ask any other guy or girl,they will tell the same story,if reluctantly.Thats the second damage.Now engineering competitive exams are tough and many.Not many are able to crack them,as the questions test students analytical ability to the fullest.For highly competitive exams like IIT JEE and AIEEE,pure knowledge and pure practice is required.For an average student to crack JEE (given he has no genuine interest in Engg. as the most of the cases),he has to devote 14 hours of daily study for two years!.Sounds nerve cracking eh?But truth is students study far more than that!.Our Education system has focused on this alone:- Root Knowledge or a better lucrative word:- CRAMMING LIKE A PARROT.Thats what our students have become,putting parrots to shame.Compare our system to USAs,the education system of USA focus EQUALLY on extra circular (forget my spelling) activities,Sports,Dance,Music etc. are given equal attention and are part of the school circullam.Come India and they are absent.Sure schools "boast" of their sports activities,but few students take part (biased political participitation) and no work is ever done to promote games and music.Sure we have Periods of that,but we just waste time or talk of "studies" in that period.I remember in my Games period of class 10th,many students used to open books and study.And in 10+2 there is no games,music at all.Thanks to the "exponential" rise in the school syllabus,no time is given to other practices.Syllabus,particularly of CBSE has been designed in such a way of science that a mammoth increase happens from switching to class 11th (Many complaint that 11th is tougher than 12th!).No attention to games and priority to other activities like projects etc. are given.Now not many are able to survive the transition (i being one of them),but students dont give up fearing parents and peer pressure and they compete and drag on (thankfully i didnt do this,i resisted and did what others wont dare to,pursued my interests and neglected my studies only till its necessary and yet i dont regret a bit because i have enjoyed my 11th and 12th to the fullest,a rare among our students group),they cut on their interests,put more time on studies,undertake more coachings,are more depressed and prone to anger.They roam here and there falling pray to the corporate powerplays of the coaching Institutes and ever increasing pressure.They dont analyze themselves and come to terms that engineering not for them or that they should aim lower or they cant concentrate that much,cant blame them because at that age and at that scenario giving up is never an option.They dont even set their standards,they just do what others are doing:- HERD MENTALITY.And eventually what happens to most of the students is they are a jumbled mess of angry harrased students,with nothing done proper.Their latent talents:- Destroyed or significantly reduced.Their interests:- Neglected.Their Studies:- Improper.And most importantly they didnt compete anywhere.Thats the case of the most of the students here.And this dawning sets in to many of them by the time class 12th Boards arrive as a result they are depressed and many of them either give up exams completly and just drag on with morale tending to zero or worst commit suicide fearing their parents and peers.This is the damage number three and four respectively,Root learning of our system and the increased competion without guidance destroy student's talents and hamper their overall growth or even death and the outdated syllabus of our education system.Parents argue on this saying children mind are "vibrating" after 10th and they are too young to decide whats good for them.Then how the hell do they leave their "vibrant" children alone to be fed up with the coachings.An average engg. aspring student of India toils on extreme heat,rain or even cold.Spent 6 hours in school and further 6 hours in coaching,cut on sleep,desperatly trying to complete their Home Assignments or trying to finish those pretty books like HC Verma or others.Where is the required guidance?Why do parents thrust us towards the coaching and feel they have done their resposibility.But than again parents are not much to blame yet again as students owing to great amout of peer group think they have grown and they can handle alone,triggering the chain reaction yet again.Some parents even they try to guide,students take it in some other way.But ultimately its the student who faces the heat,the cold and the pressure.One of my friend studies in KOTA in the drop out year (dropping a year off in order to pursue engg.,common trend in India,was even more worst when the attempts to JEE and AIEEE werent reduced to 2 and 3 respectively.),he says classes begin from 7:30 to 1:30,than he takes sleep and lunch till 5 PM.After that,from 5PM to whooping 2AM he studies with only a dinner break and few breaks.I asked why the hell he does that?When does he have time for his Bikes?(he is avid bike fans and very passionate about bikes).He replies he cant help it because the DPP (Daily Practice Papers,home assignments another terms) are so much,plus he has to complete books too,plus revision of the classes,he cant even think of any other thing.This is the case,in our system.And parents dont listen to that!Many students are dissatisfied with the coaching,but they are afraid to voice their opinion.Thats our mostly ignorant parents,always expecting high of us paying blind attention towards what is going on inside.They forget whats being child is.Schooling,which is so important is neglected.Further parents dont give importance to schools.A new trend has arisen,thanks to city of KOTA,students dont go to schools,they submit the required fees in order that their attandance be completed,they dont attend any practicals and any other school activites in order to focus their attention on coaching and engg.As a result Class 12th boards,which are again very important are also neglected to a bit.Practical exams in India in most of the parts are shame.Project works and other things included in circullum are just for name sake and most of the school awards marks without any project submitted.Thats damage number five:- The outdated corrupt school system and no guidance.Now readers might wonder i am saying competition competition,how high is the competition.Well for stats Of the 384,977 candidates who appeared in the examination conducted on April 12, 2009, 10,035 candidates have been declared qualified to seek admission, giving a selectivity of 1 in 38 overall, 1 in 46 for the 8,295 seats in IITs,IT-BHU and ISMU and 1 in 59 for the IITs only.In 2009, around 9,62,000 candidates appeared for the AIEEE across 1460 centers across India and in international centers setup at Dubai and Riyadh .Now for a competition of such highness and grandeour some institutes and coachings have opened which offer so called "guidance" and materials for preparation for engineering competition exams.According to some estimates, nearly 95% of all students who clear the IIT-JEE had joined coaching classes.Now some of them are great,especially private tution and are neccessary for the right guidance and preparation a child passing after 10th needs.But most of them are fake,they boast around with buyed in results and build upon their faculty.The Coaching Institute has become a booming business in India.One recent example is city of Kota.The city is such a major destination for teens studying for the IIT-JEE that in the last few years it has become a bit of a boomtown, with bike shops, restaurants and hotels opening up, as well as the launch of the first commercial flights.But what many dont understand is BUSINESS is BUSINESS.Many Coaching institutes literally play with us,with our confidence,with our money and all they care is that we submit our fees (which many of us do in the starting).Especially big brands like FIITJEE,BANSAL etc.Many of the IIT graduates,failing to acquire placements or jobs,open coaching institutes with their IIT degree backing it up.And boy do they earn....lakhs in months!.Study for us is corporate business for them and all laws of business applies to our studies.So much we are dependant on coaching that we loose our self study callibre,our self dependancy.Recent example is 45 failes students in IIT Kanpur.Those students were from Kota and studied the "trips and tricks" required for Engg. exams.Although they got through JEE but when it came to performing in class tests of IIT they failed because they lacked the calibre to deliver alone.(They apparently prepared in groups and with teachers).They also neglected their schooling which i consider is the most important place to personally develop yourself (atleast in India its the best you can expect).Thats damage number six:- Loss of essence.Further,people have this misunderstanding that engineering has far less studies.Especially among parents their common dialogues for "motivating" their children (Watch the Super 30 Documentary in Discovery Channel if you dont believe it) is "Abhi padh loh beta baad mein masti karna" (Study now and enjoy later).What they tend to forget is STUDIES are and will be is a CONTINUOUS PROCESS.Not something like study now sleep later.Your studies continue till you get jobs:- that means right through the colleges.Yea sure engg. college has somewhat...SOMEWHAT less studies than the mamoth class 11th and 12th syllabus owing to branch studies but many students just give up study(studying in like last days of exam) when they get good colleges.Students have to learn to enjoy and study together,neglecting other thing damages others and in turn damage the personality which is ever so important in present day global village.(Exception to some "bookworms" who "enjoy" studying...rare breed).Study is everywhere,plus in this digital age its easy to grasp.Go subscribe to http://www.youtube.com/profile?user=nptelhrd&view=videos&start=20 and you have all the IITs lecture.Or MIT Open Courseware where about 1,800 lectures are available from the best minds of MIT!.But still,students opt to toil the heat and face the depression.Pick any coaching institute,u will find thousands and thousands of students there.Lots of batches by one single teacher.Everywhere there is coaching,and some places like Vizag at tender age of 4!!!!Tutions,coachings for IIT JEE has plagued our country.In Patna where i live,most of the billboards has been advertised for Coaching Instittions.Dont mention Kota,where there is coaching in every street.The craze of All India Ranks (AIR) has hit our country very very bad.Many of the readers might interpret as me saying "Hey chill down Dont study Let's play Video Games".Some might also argue (especially students) that tutions are coaching are essential,if we cant study and understand by our school teachers,than where to go?Tutions is the only option!.Sure it is,i am never saying not to attend tution completly,hell such is our education system that proper tutions form proper backbone.All i am saying is proper awareness of yourself at every stage is neccessary,and never falling for brands of education.Lack of awareness is perhaps root cause of all the damages.We have to study hard like it or not,because forget IIT,competing anywhere in engineering competition is tough,but just i am saying to students dont fall in to Corporative nature of coachings,peer pressure and parental pressure.Analyze and access yourself and set the limitations.IIT and IIM is the best,almost 50 percent CEOs of many institutes are alumini of IIT and IIM including my uncle Vishal Ranjan who has started his own company Asclepius Consultancy.But not everyone in the more than 10 lakhs student commnuity aspiring for IIT and IIM compete.Quite a significant amout go through extreme stress and depression of not having competed anywhere,let alone JEE.This will be reduced if you have a backup plan or perhaps will be eradicated if everyone analyzed themselves and set exactly what they want.But again we come to this inevitability,as nobody will back down and 16-17 is too young age to self discover yourself...BLAME THE SYSTEM.So this circle will continue unless until proper changes of the student mindset and proper awareness and a complete overhaul of the education system occurs.Those society pride in IIT must be destroyed.Every sector must be given equal chances like which happens in USA.Many works have been "proposed" by HRD minister Kapil Sibal,like removing class 10th boards or putting grade systems,but these are mere proposals which have been delayed and kept on delaying thanks to our political system.Unless a drastic step is not taken,craze of IIT and Engineering is going to increase over the years,perhaps more rapidly.

CONCLUSION

Well after a really long report which lasted a week,only conlusion that can be drawn is CHANGE. As i mentioned before changes in every sphere of our education system is needed (a drastic change,not some slow implementing).Our education is outdated and focuses more on root learning.The Primary schools and the Secondary schools of the government are plagued with problems ranging from lack of infrastructure to faculty.Come Private and they charge high fees for proper studies.Sports and other extra circullar activites are almost absent in both Primary and Secondary schools,focussing more on marks and biasing students on the basis of marks alone.Although many spehres are there for higher education but due to widestream herd mentality of ours,societal stigma associated with engineering,good paypackets in engineering,peer and parental pressure and our own mindset and ability to not to recognize our abilities and interests has forced engineering in the forefront.Capitlizing on the extremly tough engineering competition exams (especially of IITs and NITs),several coaching institutes have sprung up.Although some of them are good,mostly are of corporative nature,frequent faculty changes and other "deals" make some coaching "good" and some bad,affecting our studies in the end.Coaching also strips of our freedom and time to enjoy and relax ourself and make us dependable on institutes,loosing our ability to study ourself,hindering our studies in colleges.The exams too,being tough and extremly competitive,leave a large mass of angry harrased and depressed students behind,of which nothing is done for.Many commit suicide in such tender age.Lack of awareness further plague all the students and parents who act according the outworldy and entirely rubbish rumours.Rural education is praisable since lots of students from rural areas are seen coming to the forefront,though most of them in engineering.Praise of our system are far and few.One praise came when some US politician praised our students ability to work hard and survive many hours of schooling...but i ask at what costs?The foreigners treat us as means of cheap labour,and we are so happy to work in MNCs and gain so called "big bucks"(which are nothing when u put the reverse conversion) that we loose the little bit of self thinking we had.

Changes and propals are to be acted fast and not made to just words.Grade system is the need so that marks race comes to end.Also the syllabus should be bisected,especially of the science,as the syllabus rise is not parallel to the brain development and ability to think.But what is the most basic need is more awareness to the students,both self and mass.The ability to think out of the crowd must be developed.Changes must be brought first to the students,their over dependancy to the coaching and thinking nothing other than JEE and engineering must be eradicated.Next comes the society,the over hyped engineering must be brought to its level with other streams.The Societal "pride" associated with engineering must be implemented to other streams.Everyone must be treated equal as far as academics is concerned.The Parents should understand its the 21st century,and how the job market works.They can easily identify the child's interests and must promote it.They should not burden their expectations to the students.A Child of ours should be treated as a child and not by any means a medium to fulfil your unachieable dreams and pride in the society.

But ultimately again its the system that has to be changed,the system which at the top level trickles down and has outdated our education for long.

Ps: All the staistical sources are from wikipedia.org

Ps2: Again excuse me for any of the spelling mistakes again!

"Our university system is, in many parts, in a state of disrepair…In almost half the districts in the country, higher education enrollments are abysmally low, almost two-third of our universities and 90 per cent of our colleges are rated as below average on quality parameters… I am concerned that in many states university appointments, including that of vice-chancellors, have been politicised and have become subject to caste and communal considerations, there are complaints of favouritism and corruption."

– Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in 2007

This is what our Prime Minister has to say to our University Sytem or Higher Education system,which is the third largest after USA and China.However it is still far behind them,but than again due to our countries liberal democracy.We being the most corrupt and showing most resistant to rules together added with the fact that our country is the second most populated country.And to add more woes our country has 42% of the total Indian population (456 million) below the global poverty line of $1.25.True our economy has increased but the increase is uneven,with the urban sectors or those "white collar men" benefitting the most.Poverty rates in rural Orissa (43%) and rural Bihar (41%) are among the world's most extreme.But since poverty is the most in rural areas (75 %),the education of rural india is quite different and not much to effect our true education system which resides in the heart of the next generation :- The Ever So Powerful Middle Class.True our litercy rate is 66 % but the youth litercy rate is 82 % which is well above the global litercy rate of 75 %.What i am trying to say till now with the facts and figures is that education in our country resides with the Middle Class,from low to high,and chances are if you are reading this blog you are from the Middle Class.And By class i mean ability to afford and make decisions regarding the current economic capability.Ofcourse i dont and will never discriminate people because discrimination and biasism is the root cause of our talents not coming to fore,me having experienced that.So this article is written keeping the education system of the middle class in mind,so whenever i say people or i generallise the term,assume its the middle class.As for Rural education its quite a milestone and definitely a neccessity to purge the poor people of the hazards and webs of bureaucratic missues and politics.The several Community based programmes in villages are about time to forsee the development of Rural India where true India resides.The more the rural india be educated,the more we can gain from our liberal democracy,and the more we see development.

A brief overview of our education system

The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) is the apex body for school education in India.The NCERT provides support and technical assistance to a number of schools in India and oversees many aspects of enforcement of education policies.Other than NCERT there are various other governing bodies of education in India,like the State Government Boards (in which majority of students are enrolled,particurlary rural and low middle class),Central Board of Secondary Education (the preferred board in urban ares and generally the entire middle class),Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) board (also prevalent,although effects less than CBSE),The National Institute of Open Schooling,International schools affiliated to the International Baccalaureate Programme and/or the Cambridge International Examinations,Islamic Madrasah schools(whose boards are controlled by local state governments, or autonomous, or affiliated with Darul Uloom Deoband).The overall education is divided into three parts:- Primary (age 14 or class 9th),Secondary (9th to 12th...a vital education period),Tertiary or Higher Education (on which the emphasis of this article lies upon as its is the choices of our Higher Education that makes or breaks our job).

Primary education has been laid a lot of emphasis,with government banning child labour till 14 (ofcourse like all government bans not effectively implemented...go see Faridabad or see the local hotels besides our National Highways).Gross Enrollment Ratio has been increased 93–95% for the last three years in some states.(some only).Although internationally the primary education lags far behind.The Primary Government school are in pitiable conditions with broken chairs and tables,lack of staffs and teachers,and lack of proper funding.As they say Freedom has its compromises.However true staistics of actual children going to school are shocking.World Bank statistics found that fewer than 40 percent of adolescents in India attend secondary schools.The Economist reports that half of 10-year-old rural children could not read at a basic level, over 60% were unable to do division, and half dropped out by the age 14.Thats Rural Indian for us.So separated and distant,its like our country has three very distinct class.

Moving to Secondary Education,its most important because the interests developed here determines the choices of higher education,and the eruption of the talent and our interest comes in secondary education.Its importance is also emphasised by the fact that in our secondary education we are in what we call "Teenager".Its in our secondary education that Outside influences pose a big impact in our character.The basic building block,the way we see the world,our interaction with the world all comes here.We actually "grow" up in this phase.Peers are formed here,Peer pressure also are formed here,our minds get bigger,we learn to make decisions,we are swayed by the corporates,every action happens here in 9th to 12th of India's schools.We are finally moulded to be ready to take the last phase of education to be finally moulded into contributable part of the society.While Government funded institutions are the same as the Primary,yet some of them are noteworthy,particularly Kendriya Vidyalaya project initated for the Central Government employees children (like me).

The Tertiary Education,or the higher education,is the last phase of Indian Education.Based on our interests of Secondary Education,we choose our colleges.While some courses (Vocational courses,especially for rural youths coming to citites) are done after the 10th itself (eg:- Polytechnic,Diploma etc.),most of the admission to colleges happens after class 12th.As of 2009, India has 20 central universities, 215 state universities, 100 deemed universities, 5 institutions established and functioning under the State Act, and 13 institutes which are of national importance.Other institutions include 16000 colleges, including 1800 exclusive women's colleges, functioning under these universities and institutions.The main governing body at the tertiary level is the University Grants Commission (India), which enforces its standards, advises the government, and helps coordinate between the centre and the state.Accreditation for higher learning is overseen by 12 autonomous institutions established by the University Grants Commission.

Its here that the central government shines,with the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) being the most noteworthy in the world. IIT graduates of India have also contributed significantly to the global software industry, with an estimated 30000 graduates employed in the United States as of 2006.The emphasis of Higher Education has always been on science and technology,as technical education was always the part of our five year plans undertaken by Pandit Nehru Ji to create pool of scientifically inclined manpower.All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) established in 1987 through an act of the Indian parliament is the apex body for technical education.

Now its the Higher education,or rather Higher Technical education that government shines.Read on further as it has been dealt in detail.

Private vs Public

Noone wants to study in Public schools.They lack infrastructure,their faculties are mostly absent,they lack updated syllabus,and the environment created is not good.A study of 188 government-run primary schools found that 59% of the schools had no drinking water and 89% had no toilets.2003-04 data by National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration revealed that only 3.5% of primary schools in Bihar and Chhattisgarh had toilets for girls. In Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh, rates were 12-16%.One study found out that 25% of public sector teachers and 40% of public sector medical workers were absent during the survey. Among teachers who were paid to teach, absence rates ranged from 15% in Maharashtra to a shocking 71% in Bihar. Only 1 in nearly 3000 public school head teachers had ever dismissed a teacher for repeated absence.A study on teachers by Kremer etc. found that 'only about half were teaching, during unannounced visits to a nationally representative sample of government primary schools in India'.

Because of poor quality of public education, 27% (which almost comprises the middle and rich class,a testimonial of the true India) of Indian children are privately educated.Private schools provide often superior results at a fraction of the unit cost of government schools.Private schools cover the entire curriculum and offer extra-curricular activities such as science fairs, general knowledge, sports, music and drama.Most teachers in private schools are female, graduates and reasonably experienced.The competition in the school market is intense, yet most schools make profit.

Even the poorest often go to private schools despite the fact that government schools are free. A study found that 65% of schoolchildren in Hyderabad's slums attend private schools.

Private schools have that distinct authority,their proper infrastructure,and their better results which "attract" the school children,ofcourse their fee charge are resonably high,but still nowhere near the US school and college fees,a plus point.

And yet the irony is when we go to colleges,the competion increases like anything for Government colleges.Also competition is supreme in getting into engineering government colleges.It dazzles me.

Engineering : The hyper hyped!

Getting into government colleges is tough,and getting into engineering government colleges is the toughest.Our system has two public level exams at undergraduate levels,comparison to SAT.These exams are called Boards and are gateways for higer education to various streams.First Board is conducted right after class 10th and second after 12th.Both Boards are very important exams for Indian students as on their marks,read my words:- MARKS basis alone we are eligible to choose various degrees or go to various colleges or get that "reputation" in the stangant society of ours.(which boast more on Indian culture and yet try to adopt the "western" theme...pretty confusing).Both these Boards has high level of competition,mostly in CBSE as most of the private schools are affiliated to CBSE and most of students study in Private schools.But Boards are nothing compared to the pinnacle of competion of our system:- The Engineering Competitive exams (like IIT Joint Entrance Exam,JEE or All India Engineering Entrance Exam,AIEEE etc.,neccesity for getting admission into any of the government engineering colleges)

After class 12th (and 10th also but very less follow engineering after 10th),students have pleothra of options:- Humanities,Arts,Economics,Computers,Law,Engineering,Pure Science (BSC),Medical and list is endless..But,many or rather i should add MOST of them take this stream:- ENGINEERING.Such is the hype of engineering and MBA (Masters in Business Administration) or i should clearly say the magic words:- IIT + IIM = "so called succees" that students and mostly parents are completly clouded,blinded and mystified by this wave of hypes.Everywhere you go,people,parents and students talk engineering.Everywhere you go,others ask about you,and when you say anything other than engineering,you can surely see that distinct "huh?" in their eyes.A sense of superioty arises in engineering students,a distinct pride,making them feel they are the best,especially the IITians. (Again there are many many exceptions,i am talking in generalised terms).Their sense of humour,their way of talking and all,everything denotes that.Even as i write this,my mom is talking to another aunti and the topic:- Engineering.Where this hype came from i dont know,but its here and its our very veins of our society throbbing.People say that after Engineering and MBA,you get lots of money,because you have that technical side too covered up.Thats rubbish.Truth is MBA has NOTHING to do with Engineering,go to website of any of the IIMs and download the syllabus,do the same for any of the IITs website,and inform me if you find anything common.On what grounds has Heat and Thermodynamics has to do with Economic Theories and 4Ps etc.?Sure engineering is good option,it has good payscales in comparison to other streams,MBA too is the better options around if payscales are considered.But it doesnt means that we sacrifice our genuine interests of studies.But thats what parents do.They force (push or rather threathen) their children to pursure engineering,heck right from tender ages of 14-15,so much is the parental pressure,and combine that with the "peer" pressure any child of that age HAS to crackdown to sacrifice their interests and pursure engineering.Now me again talking in terms of the emergent Middle class.Exceptions are there,some students do take Arts,Economics or most notably Medical,but majority has always been inclined towards Engineering.Rich people might take BBA and MBA to pursure father's business,rural people might pursure Arts to take the UPSC,many others go to reputed Delhi University to pursure teaching careers or science researchs.Even Indian government has established IISER (Indian Institute of Science Education and Research) for Scientific research,a significant step to dampen Engineering hype,but still truth is sadly most of them takes Engineering (its underground that many students who are going to IISER are because they havent got into any IITs,not because they want to pursue Science as genuine interests,same goes for students taking up science streams in Delhi University).Again you cant really blame the parents and society much here,because such was definitely not the trend back in our grandpa generations.At that time,due to our government following a "communism" inclined policy,with lots of restrictions in private companies,government jobs were the best jobs,comparitive to the Engineering jobs now.Heck such was that time,many Engineering graduates (including my distant grandfather too) were jobless even after taking their degrees from IIT Kharagpur.It was when the government released the tenders that some of the engineering graduates found respite.But still at that time,doing Engineering from IITs never made any difference,people still gave various Civil services exams to be finally employeed under Indian Government.My father too qualified IIT,BIT Mesra,and Roorkee,but father took admission in BSC course in Bhaghalpur college and gave the SCRA (Special Class Railway Apprentice exam,exam to get a job as Class 1 railway officer right after graduation...very reputed at that time) and qualified in that to get into Indian Railways (many students used to do that at that time).But eventually,even in my father's time the engineering hype was slowly increasing.And right after the policy renewal of our government in 1991 when the restrictions on Private Practices were removed and Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi inviting various Multi National Companies to India,the engineering rose in height and dimensions.Particular of Rajiv Gandhi to bring the IT sector in our country to trigger the "IT boom",triggered the Engineering and MBA boom in our country.The rising development of engineering and MBA as a career came in the this decade alone,when AIEEE exams were started by CBSE,IIT combined many of other colleges like Roorkee and BHU,and several coaching institutes for Engineering competitive exams,earlier relatively less known,came into the forbeing.One recent example is the city of KOTA in Rajasthan.What used to be a sleepy town became a mecca of coaching when BANSAL classes rose into popularity after their success of coaching.So many students from all different corners go to that city to take tutions for engineering exams,it has become a trend.One in every 5 engineering freshers in our country,particulary in government colleges admit from being to KOTA.This hype,hence is the root cause for polluting the minds of the clueless class 10th passed students who go after the herd mentality without any proper planning of their life and their ambitions and interests and what will happen if they take the steps.Its like Mark Antony among us,the engineering,guiding the mob of our students.